棉籽油及油脚合成汽车涂料固化剂原理的研究

以棉籽油及油脚为原料，经由甲酯化、异构化、聚合及酰胺化等反应，合成了汽车涂料固化剂，探讨了聚合反应的机理，并进行了应用性研究。试验表明，由棉籽油合成的聚酰胺，可以作为汽车电泳涂料固化剂，具有较为广阔的应用前景。     

火棘种子油理化特性研究初报

陕西杨凌人工栽植的火棘，种子含油率为１３．７８％，种子油的酸值，碘值及皂化值分别为３．５、１４５．３，１８９．３，所含的６种脂肪酸及其比率为软脂酸１３．１５５％。硬脂酸０．８２１％，油酸１１．９７０％，亚油酸７２．７１９％，亚麻酸１．０８８％，芥酸０．１６６％，火棘种子油中的脂肪酸种类和组成与名贵的食用营养油－红花籽油相近，其突出特点在于亚油酸含量极高，很有开发利用前景。     

Synthesis of 1-hydroxyethyl-2-alkyl-2-imidazoline and its derivative sulfonate amphoteric surfactant from tall oil fatty acid

1-Hydroxyethyl-2-alkyl-2-imidazoline (HEAI) and its derivative sulfonate amphoteric surfactant were synthesized using tall oil fatty acid as the raw material. Suitable experimental conditions for synthesizing the intermediate and final products were probed. Their chemical structures were also investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Based on the results of these analyses, it has been found that during the reaction process of HEAI with sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate under alkaline condition the imidazoline ring was hydrolyzed to amides, and the obtained amphoteric surfactant was actually a complex mixture of amides. An etherification reaction in the hydroxyethyl group was also observed when the HEAI/sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate molar ratio was more than 1:1.     

桐油酸酐酰亚胺酚醛树脂耐热性研究

以桐油、马来酸酐、双马来酰亚胺及酚醛树脂为基本原料,合成了具有较好耐热性的桐油酸酐酰亚胺酚醛树脂.重点讨论了不同原料,如桐油、马来酸酐、双马来酰亚胺及酚醛树脂的用量、固化反应温度及固化反应时间等因素对树脂耐热性的影响.当桐油、双马来酰亚胺、马来酸酐和酚醛树脂的质量比为1:0.2:0.15:0.25,170℃烘烤4h固化时,所得树脂具有较好的耐热性,温度指数(T20000)可达165.8 ℃.     

大叶冬青叶抗肿瘤活性初步研究

用MTT法对大叶冬青叶不同提取物和挥发油抗肿瘤活性的测定表明,大叶冬青提取物具有一定的抗肿瘤活性.其中老叶乙醇提取物和鲜叶挥发油抗肿瘤活性最高,老叶乙醇提取物对胃癌细胞株SGC-7901的抑制率为62.40%,鲜叶挥发油对肺癌细胞株NCI-H460抑制率为93.33%.进一步实验表明大叶冬青挥发油对NCIH460(肺癌)细胞的IC50为42.86μg/mL.研究结果为大叶冬青叶保健、药用产品的开发提供了科学依据.     

测定土壤有机质需要注意的几个问题

通过工作实践,对土壤有机质测定采用的重铬酸钾容量法在具体操作中应注意的几个问题做出详细阐述,规范土壤有机质测定的操作规程。     

Selection of Adequate Species for Degraded Areas by Oil‐Exploitation Industry as a Key Factor for Recovery Forest in the Ecuadorian Amazon

One of the requirements for the forest restoration of soils disturbed by the oil‐exploitation industry is that saplings be able to endure soil‐adverse conditions. In this study, saplings of 20 species susceptible to be used in reforestation programs were evaluated for their ability to grow on substrates derived from soils disturbed by petroleum extractions in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Seeds of each species were planted in germination trays. Once seedlings reached 5 cm in height they were transplanted to plastic bags with three treatment substrates: two derived from petroleum‐exploitation activity (soils from mud and drill cutting cells and from areas surrounding oil wells) and a control soil. Plant survival rate, stem height, and diameter were measured on a weekly basis until 14 weeks after transplantation, when we harvested the plants and also measured plant biomass and calculated the Dickson quality index for each species. Oil‐exploitation by‐product substrates impaired the performance of many saplings, with the substrate from mud and drill cutting cells being the one that most affected plant performance. Only saplings of five native species in the Amazon basin—Apeiba membranaceae, Cedrelinga cateniformis, Inga densiflora, Myroxylon balsamum, and Pouroma cecropiifolia—exhibited high or similar Dickson quality index values in all soil treatments and performed better than the rest. The use of these five species in remediation of soils disturbed by petroleum extraction in the Amazon basin could prove important because of their high potential to adapt to these disturbed sites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同种类油茶籽油的品质分析与比较

为了了解不同加工工艺、不同贮藏时间对油茶籽油品质的影响,进而为日后生产上合理选择与控制加工工艺、消费时有效选择与使用油茶籽油提供理论与技术方面的依据,以3种油茶籽油——压榨毛油、浸出毛油、精炼成品油为原料,对其主要理化指标、脂肪酸组成与含量以及不同年份的变化情况进行了分析与比较。结果表明:这3种油在酸价、碘值、皂化值、过氧化值之间均存在极显著差异,在折光指数之间存在着显著差异。这3种油的脂肪酸组成及相对含量基本一致,均以油酸为主,含量都在74%以上;其次是棕榈酸,含量在13%~14%之间;再者就是亚油酸,含量约在7%~9%之间。三者的不饱和脂肪酸含量均超过84%,其中精炼成品油最高,压榨毛油次之,浸出毛油最低;单不饱和脂肪酸含量以压榨毛油最高,达76.967%,其次是精炼成品油,含76.646%,浸出毛油最低,为75.066%;多不饱和脂肪酸含量以浸出毛油最高,达9.300%,其次是精炼成品油,含8.000%,最低的是压榨毛油,为7.433%。不同年份生产的油茶籽压榨毛油,在脂肪酸相对含量上会发生一定的变化,从而对油的品质与贮藏稳定性产生一定的影响。     

油茶籽及饼粕含油率快速检测技术研究

通过索氏抽提法和快速测定法分别测定油茶籽及压榨饼粕中的含油率的对比试验。结果显示:采用快速测定法测定油茶籽或茶籽饼中的含油率,其检测结果与传统索氏抽提法对比,检测数据吻合度好;同一检测结果数据分散程度小,分布精密度高,误差范围小;快速检测方法结果准确度高。